COUNSELLING |CMT LEVEL FIVE SEMESTER TWO |POSSIBLE QUESTIONS

1. Signs of Resistance during counselling includes:

1. TRUE   Begins to come late to appointments or forgets them altogether

2. TRUE   Questions counselor's ability/competence

3. FALSE   Is assured of confidentiality

4. FALSE   Does know how to begin

5. TRUE    Is unable to speak   

2. Verbal communication Involve interaction between counselor and client verbally ether: through 

1. TRUE    Open ended questions

2. TRUE     Paraphrasing

3. FALSE   Eye contact

4. FALSE    Facial expression

5. FALSE    Body position

3. The advantages of going in for a test (VCT) are:

1. TRUE    Facilitates positive behavior change

2. TRUE    Early diagnosis and treatment

3. TRUE    Provides access to PMTCT services

4. FALSE   Provides conflicts of interest

5. FALSE   Results to discrimination 

4. Regarding The risk reduction plan in HIV counseling skills:

1. TRUE     Explore ways of sexual living after results   

2. TRUE     ABC approach means Abstinence, Be faithful and use of Condom 

3. TRUE     Discuss chosen plan by client to minimize risk  

4. FALSE    Then the client’s response will be neglected  during the discussion  

5. TRUE     Ask the client to explain what he or she knows about condoms  

1.Counseling is an interactive process characterized by a unique relationship

that leads to change in the following area:

1. Level of blood sugar

2. Level of urine output

3. Level of blood pressure

4. Level of emotional distress

5. Level of oxygen in the circulation 

2.   Regarding Directive Counseling:

1. The member decide on what should be done 

2. The counselor decided on behalf of the member

3. Counselor as a judge so the member has to follow

4. Counseling focuses on the member it is a client-centered

5. The counselor deciding with the member what should be done

3.  One of the following is among of the goal of counseling:

1. To help the client change the behavior

2. Help the client so that can get the best treatment

3. Helps the clients to more adhered to the treatment

4. Assist the client to meet the goal of getting ARVS

5. Enables the client to follow better a prescribed regimen

4.  Risk Behaviors for HIV transmission includes:

1. Use of condom during sexual intercourse

2. Sterile invasive procedures like injections

3. History of taking alcohol or drugs

4. Abstinence for sexual practice 

5. Having single sexual partner

5. Benefits of counseling and Testing:

1. Planning for future is limited

2. Enables late access to ARVs

3. Late  diagnosis and treatment of TB

4. Provides access to PMTCT services

5. Notification of sexual partner/s is of less concern

6. Regarding Relationship/Rapport Building as counseling skills:

1. The last step in HIV test counseling is for the counselor to establish a relationship with a client.

2. Ice-breaking (start with threatening issues/comments that takes clients deep feeling)

3. This trusting relationship is unnecessary  prerequisite to effective counseling

4. Discuss thoroughly on the issue of confidentiality and informed consent 

5. Self introduction and clarification of her/his role is time consuming

7. Concerning Post-testing counseling:

1. Persons have the right to decline any part of the testing and counseling process, including learning their HIV test results

2. Post-test counseling is done before the HIV test to prepare a person to receive and cope with their HIV test results

3. It is acceptable practice for people to undergo HIV testing without the opportunity to learn their HIV test results

4. The results should be given to the individual in a group  by a trained health care practitioner

5. It is important to ignore the person’s right to confidentiality and privacy when delivering test results

8. Verbal communication involves:

1. Eye contact-Steady

2. Facial expression

3.  Skin-Goose flesh

4. Mouth-Smiling

5. Paraphrasing

9. Things Not To Do As a Counselor:

1.  Panic 

2. Listening 

3. Give assurances 

4. Directive counseling

5. Withdraw after the client is ready

10.   Regarding Post-Test Counseling: Negative:

1.  Inform patient of result after 3 months

2. prevention messages are unnecessary

3. Discourage sexual partner to be tested

4.  Explain window period and schedule 

5. Ensure patient does not understands the result

1. Mention 5 Phase/stages of counselling                         5 Marks

Answer 5 points @ 1 mark each

• Rapport and Relationship Building

• Assessment / Problem Definition

• Goal-setting

• Initiating Interventions

• Termination

2. Mention 5 characteristics of good counselor                  5 Marks

8 H

Any five(5) points @ 1 mark each

Heart (feeling ,affect)

Head (thinking,listening,speaking)

Hold(both stopping and continuing action)

Holistic(all aspect of aperson)

Hope (optimism)

Hurt(the wounded healer concept)

Humanity(altruism/selflessness)

Humor(laughing, seeing the absurd in life)

3. List down any five benefits of HIV testing                     5 Marks

Answer

Any five(5) points @ 1 mark each

• Facilitates positive behavior change

•  Enables early access to ARVs and management of opportunistic infections

•  Early diagnosis and treatment of TB in the HIV positive patients

•  Provides access to PMTCT services

•  Notification of sexual partner/s

•  Referral to social and peer support

•  Planning for future 

4.  A. Define  PITC                                        2 Marks

Answer

Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC)

 Refers to HIV Testing and Counseling which is recommended by health care providers

1.  Mention three (3) guiding principles for HIV testing during PITC         3 Marks                                     

Answer 

• Confidentiality

• Counselling

•  Informed Consent

5. Mention 5 importance of  PITC                            5 Marks Answer

Any five(5) points @ 1 Mark each

• Reduce stigma:

• Increase number of people who know their status

• Allow people to be tested during the context of a regular health visit

• Lead to a more timely and efficient testing process:

• PITC takes less time since it is more focused on the provision of pre-test information, post-test counseling, and referral to appropriate services

• Increase testing of the people with highest risk of HIV

• Reduce transmission of HIV, thereby changing the tide of the epidemic

6. Mention five (5 )Advantages of Family Counseling                5 Marks

Answer

• Family members will receive correct information about HIV and AIDS

• Fear of having an HIV-infected person among family members will be reduced

• Family will learn how to improve the health status of the patient

• Family will learn how to alleviate minor ailments with the patient, like diarrhea

•  Family will gain confidence in caring for the patient at home

• The patient will feel supported and less stigmatized against as the family is the main source of care

7. Mention five (5 ) cultural attitudes and norms that can influence responses to HIV/AIDS                                              5 Marks

Answer 

Any five (5) points @ 1 mark each

• Men are the decision makers for the whole family, while women and children are not allowed their say

• Women are not expected to discuss or make decisions about sexuality. Men are the decision makers and have all the rights to say anything concerning women and their relationships

• Women are not expected to talk in the presence of a man

• Women do not have the power to request, let alone insist on using condom or any other form of protection

•  Sexual abuse against women is higher, even in married couples where sex is coerced, and is a risk factor to HIV infection.

•  For married and unmarried men, multiple partners are culturally accepted, which is another risk to HIV infection

• If women request sex or condom use, they often experience abuse

8. Mention five (5) Advantages of Couple Counseling               5 Marks

Answer

Any 5 points @ 1 mark each

• Strengthen the relationship and promote mutual understanding

•  Allows couple to identify their risk factors for HIV together

•  Enables couple to work together on preventing HIV re-infection and other sexually transmitted diseases

•  Helps prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV

• Facilitates communication and cooperation between the couple, building mutual social and psychological support

•  Provides opportunity for the counselor to reduce tension and avoid blame among the couple

•  Helps couple to plan for future