4. Give the procedures for cell typing (blood grouping) using tile method
5. What is the advantages of thick blood smear in malaria parasites investigation?
6. Mention other haemoparasites apart from Plasmodium species.
7. Give the procedures for rapid HIV testing using SD Bioline HIV 1/2 test
8. Explain the advantages of aseptic techniques at hospital setting.
9. Briefly differentiate sterilization from disinfection
10. Explain important precautions in using a microscope 11. Give the advantages of laboratory safety rules
12. What are the important precautions to observe during phlebotomy?
13. Define Clinical laboratory?
14. Why do we study clinical laboratory?
15. Explain the role of clinical laboratory/laboratory medicine in clinical diagnosis16. Explain the types of aseptic techniques
17. Describe the steps for donning and removing of gloves
18. When do we suppose to wear gloves? And when do we suppose to remove gloves? 19. When and why do we wash hands?
20.Explaintheadvantages ofhandwashing
21. Mention the parasites found in urine specimen
22. Mention materials found in urine sediments
23. Define decontamination
24. Mention the parasites found in stool specimen
25. Mention four types of physical sterilization methods
26. Define Urine
27. What is laboratory diagnostic techniques? Mention three categories of laboratorydiagnostic techniques.
28. Define PPE and mention five types of PPE at hospital settings.
29. Define serological techniques. Mention two examples of serological techniques
30. Define Hemoglobin
31. Mention four hemoparasites that can be examined using thick blood smear
32. Define mRDT and give three malaria antigens detected by mRDT kit.
33. Define HIV rapid testing. Mention three advantages of rapid testing
34. Define blood grouping. Mention four blood group types in ABO system 35.Differentiate serial testing strategy from parallel testing strategy in HIV rapidtesting
36. Mention two causes of false positive agglutination in ABO cell typing
37.Mention three causes of false negative results in malaria rapid diagnostictest(mRDT)
38. Describe the current Tanzania national testing algorithm for HIV testing of childrenand adults (aged >18 months).
39.Describe procedures and results interpretation of HIV rapid testing using SD BiolineHIV1/2
40. Describe the procedures and results interpretation of malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT)
41. Describe the procedures for collection of blood sample from a patient
42. Describe the Clinical laboratory safety rules.
43.A patient came into clinics with symptoms of malaria. Explain what laboratoryinvestigations you’re going to carry out. If laboratory report showed 1000 MPS/μlof blood. Show the calculations of how could also be reported per 200WBCs method.
44. Differentiate Fasting blood glucose (FBG) from Random blood glucose (RBG)
45. Mention the types of Diabetes mellitus
46. Explain how to carryout laboratory examination of urine specimen
47. Explain how to carryout laboratory examination of stool specimen
48. Explain why not all blood group AB are universal recipients and not all blood groupO are universal donors
49. Explain the laboratory investigations for the hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN)
50. Covert 200mg/dl of blood glucose to mmol/L
51. Convert 40mg/dl of blood glucose to mmol/L
52. Convert 11.1 mmol/L of blood sugar to mg/dl and mg/L
53. Explain how to perform OGTT (Oral glucose tolerance test )
54. Explain the difference between type 1 and type -2 diabetes
55. Give the normal ranges of FBG, RBG and their corresponding values during diabetes 56. Explain the procedures how to perform a glucose test to a patient
57. Explain the significance of glucose estimation
58. Explain the procedure how to perform hemoglobin estimation
59.Explain the principle, procedures and results interpretations for carrying out Ziel-Nilsen Stain (ZN-stain) or Acid-Fast Stain Bacilli (AFB).
60. Describe the principle, procedures and results interpretations for carrying out GramStaining.
61.Explain the procedures for Malaria parasites investigation using field-stainingtechnique
62. Describe Principle and procedures for malaria parasites investigation using Giemsastaining technique
63. What are the types of blood groups?
64. What are the major blood group antigens?65. State Landsteiner’s rules.
65. Describe the procedures for ABO grouping and Rh typing
67. List the blood forward and reverse grouping, back typing, and serum confirmation. 68. Define compatibility testing
69. Explain the significance of ABO grouping system
70. Explain about etiology and management for HDN 71. What do you understand by Bombay group?
72. roups in the ABO system, the antigen(s) present on the e cell in each blood groupand the antibody(ies) in the serum for each, for adults.
73. State the differences in ABO antigens and antibodies in newborns.
74. State which ABO groups could safely receive a red cell transfusion from donors ofeach of the following blood types: A, B, AB, O
75. State which ABO groups could safely receive a plasma transfusion from donors ofeach of the following blood types: A, B, AB, O
76. Explain how ABO blood types are determined.
77. Explain what is meant by Bombay group phenotype.
78. Mention the causes of false-positive and false negative results during ABO bloodgrouping test.
79. Give the advantages and disadvantages of MRDT
80.Mention the cause for false-positive and false-negative results when performingMRDT
81. Explain the principle, procedures and results interpretations for AFB technique forinvestigation of Mycobacteria
82. Mention five parasites found in the stool83. Mention five common warning sign in the laboratory
84. Mention five disease caused by nematodes found in stool
85. Explain principles of HIV rapid test
86. Mention three disadvantages of HIV rapid test
87. Explain HIV rapid test algorithm that is current used in Tanzania
88. Mention five parasites that can be stained by field stain
89. Mention five advantages of thick blood film
90.Define the following terms as applied in HIV rapid test (a) Reactive(b) Invalid (c)Non-reactive
91.Describe field stain technique as applied in staining of parasites Discuss on principle and procedures of ziehl stain (ZN) Describe wet mount of stool specimen
92.Describe the giemsa stain technique as applied in staining of hemoparasites Mention the clinical signs and complications of malaria
93.Mention the common warning signs and chemicals found in the clinical laboratory
94.Describe the procedures for carrying out rapid syphilis test
95.Describe the procedures and results interpretation for carryout rapid hepatitis B and C tests.
96.Differentiate between parallel and serial strategies in HIV screening using HIV-rapid antibody testing.
100. Mention the common reagent solutions used in the clinical laboratory.
